🔆 Key Takeaways: The Role of Ground Forces in Modern Warfare

📍 Emerging Warfare Trends
✅ Modern warfare increasingly involves stand-off weapons, UAVs, autonomous systems, and data-driven targeting, seen in Ukraine and India’s Operation Sindoor.
✅ However, technology should integrate with traditional forces, not replace them.

📍 Importance of Ground Forces
✅ Infantry and Armoured Corps are essential for holding ground, controlling populations, and distinguishing combatants from non-combatants.

📍 Limitations of Technology in Warfare
✅ PGMs, drones, and AI surveillance enhance precision but cannot replace physical presence and psychological dominance.
✅ In extreme terrains like Siachen and Arunachal Pradesh, acclimatised soldiers are essential.

📍 India’s Strategic Environment
✅ India’s geography demands boots-on-the-ground in areas like Ladakh, Siachen, and the Red Corridor.

📍 Armoured Corps Relevance
✅ Armoured units are critical in high-intensity combat, offensive/defensive operations, and force multiplication in combined operations.

📍 Modernisation Needs
✅ The Indian Army must upgrade with smart gear, communication systems, and UAV integration to stay relevant.
✅ Delays in army modernisation contrast with rapid upgrades in the Air Force and Navy.

📍 Strategic Messaging
✅ Warfare remains human-centric—technology enhances, but cannot replace decision-making, physical control, and perseverance.

📍 Civil and Internal Security
✅ Infantry plays a critical role in India’s internal security, including operations in Kashmir and Left-Wing Extremism-affected areas, and emerging threats like narco-terrorism.

#ModernWarfare #GroundForces #Infantry #MilitaryStrategy #IndiaDefense

🔆 B.A.C.H.A.A.V Protocol – Emergency Trauma Response Guide

📍 B – Bleeding Management
✅ Immediate control of external bleeding to prevent shock and death.

📍 A – Airway Management
✅ Ensure a clear airway to maintain oxygen supply to vital organs.

📍 C – Circulation
✅ Monitor and maintain effective blood flow to support life functions.

📍 H – Hypothermia
✅ Prevent body heat loss, especially in trauma patients.

📍 A – Analgesia and Antibiotics
✅ Provide pain relief and infection prevention to stabilize the patient.

📍 A – Atirikt Karvaiye (Additional Measures)
✅ Implement additional life-saving steps as needed.

📍 V – Vyakt Karna (Documentation)
✅ Record all actions and observations for clinical and legal clarity.

A structured approach to save lives in trauma situations.

GENDER DISPARITY :
Research shows gender discrimination mostly in favor of men in many realms including the workplace. Discrimination affects many aspects in the lives of women from career development and progress to mental health disorders. While Indian laws on rape, dowry and adultery have women's safety at heart, these highly discriminatory practices are still taking place at an alarming rate, affecting the lives of many today.

"Feminism isn't about making women strong. Women are already strong. It's about changing the way the world perceives that strength."
G.D. Anderson

🔆 Hunger & Nutrition – Key Data (2024)

📍 Undernutrition & Ranking
✅ India ranked 105/127 in Global Hunger Index 2024
✅ Over 225 million undernourished people in India

📍 Women’s Health Indicators
✅ 57% of women (aged 15–49) are anaemic
✅ 18.7% women (aged 15–49) have BMI below 18.5
✅ 6.4% women and 4.0% men (aged 15–49) are obese
✅ 23% women and 22.1% men (aged 15–49) are overweight

📍 Child Nutrition Stats
✅ Stunting (under 5 years) = 35% (global avg = 23%)
✅ Underweight children = 30% (global avg = 13%)
✅ Wasted children = 19%

📍 Food & Welfare Coverage
✅ Food wastage in India ≈ 50 kg per person per year
✅ 99.01% beneficiaries covered under National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013 in 2023–24

#GS2 #GS3 #GS1 #Ethics #essay #social_issue #mains


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🔆Environmental Impact of Electric Vehicles (EVs)

✅ Climate Benefit of EVs:
• EVs help eliminate greenhouse gas emissions, playing a crucial role against climate change.

✅ Air Pollution Concern:
• Recent study shows EVs may worsen air pollution due to increased tyre wear from their greater weight.

✅ Study Details:
• Conducted by TIFR, IIT Bombay, and a US university.
• Established how vehicle weight and speed affect the size of plastic particles released from tyre wear.

✅ Tyre Particle Pollution:
• Tyre wear emits microplastic and nanoplastic particles into the air.
• Two degradation types:
• Primary fragmentation: Larger particles from sudden braking or potholes.
• Sequential fragmentation: Smaller airborne particles from prolonged use and friction.

✅ Heavier Vehicles, Higher Emissions:
• EVs are 15–20% heavier (300–900 kg batteries) than petrol/diesel cars.
• Faster acceleration causes more tyre stress, friction, and heat.
• Heavier, faster vehicles release more and smaller airborne particles, increasing pollution.

✅ Global Implications:
• With EV sales at 20% globally in 2024, this pollution concern is worldwide.
• Calls for revisiting assumptions on EVs’ environmental friendliness.

✅ Policy and Technological Responses:
• Current air quality norms (PM2.5, PM10) don’t cover fine tyre particles—standards need updating.
• R&D needed for tyres suited to heavier EVs.
• Possible solutions include:
• Capturing tyre particles at release points.
• Improving road quality to reduce fragmentation.

#environment #EVs

🔆 Post: Jammu–Srinagar Rail Link & Chenab Bridge Highlights

📍 Project Overview
✅ 272 km rail line from Udhampur to Baramulla
✅ Divided into 4 sections with 943 bridges and 36 tunnels
✅ Includes the Chenab Bridge & Anji Khad Bridge

📍 Chenab Bridge
✅ Tallest railway bridge in the world: 359m above riverbed
✅ Length: 1.315 km, Arch span: 467m, 17 spans
✅ Cost: ₹1,486 crore, Steel used: 28,660 MT
✅ Built to withstand Zone V earthquakes & wind speeds up to 266 km/h
✅ Design life: 120 years

📍 Anji Khad Bridge
✅ India’s first cable-stayed railway bridge

📍 Operations
✅ Vande Bharat Express to run 6 days/week
✅ Expected full Delhi–Srinagar service by Sept 2024

🔆Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)
✅NCDs are chronic diseases that do not spread from person to person but pose significant health and economic burdens. According to the WHO (2018), NCDs account for 63% of all deaths in India, with key contributors being:
🔸Cardiovascular Diseases (27%)
🔸Chronic Respiratory Diseases (11%)
🔸Cancers (9%)
🔸Diabetes (3%)
✅The increasing prevalence of NCDs is driven by multiple factors, including lifestyle changes, environmental conditions, and genetic predisposition.
🔸Lifestyle Choices: Tobacco use, alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, lack of exercise, and air pollution.
🔸Health Risks: Obesity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and high blood sugar.
🔸Other Factors: Stress and hereditary predisposition.
📍Implications of NCDs
✅Health Burden: Increased demand for long-term care and treatment.
✅Economic Impact: Loss of productivity and higher medical expenses.
✅Healthcare Inequality: Limited access to early diagnosis in rural areas.
✅Government Initiatives
NP-NCD: Screening, early diagnosis, and awareness programs.
✅PMBJP Scheme: Affordable generic medicines.
✅AMRIT Program: Low-cost treatment for cancer and heart diseases.
✅Eat Right India Movement: Promotes healthy eating habits.
✅Ayushman Bharat: Free healthcare services for the underprivileged.
📍Way Forward
✅Strengthen Primary Healthcare for prevention and early detection.
✅Promote Healthy Lifestyles through awareness campaigns.
✅Improve Air Quality and reduce pollution-related risks.
✅Enhance Insurance Coverage for affordable treatment.
✅Encourage Public Participation in health initiatives.

#GS3
#science_and_technology

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🔆 Modern Methods of Water Management

✅ Rainwater Harvesting: Collecting rainwater is a very efficient way to replenish the groundwater table and save natural water.

✅ Pressure Reducing Valves: In a hydraulic system, a pressure-reducing valve essentially regulates the amount of pressure. These valves guarantee that the water level to be used is predetermined.

✅ Water metering: Installing water metres to track water usage in both residential and business buildings is another effective technique to reduce water waste. It can aid in leak detection.

✅ Greywater recycling: It is a technique for reusing used and wastewater from showers, washing machines, and kitchen sinks for things like flushing toilets and watering plants.

✅ Water-efficient Accessories: New developments are pushing the limits of water saving without compromising usage patterns, such as altered spray patterns in taps and showers and enhanced flush pressure in toilets.

✅ Fog Harvesting: Exploring fog harvesting technologies in hilly regions. Specialized mesh structures capture moisture droplets from fog, providing a valuable water source in areas with limited rainfall. That have been implemented in countries like Chile, Morocco, and Peru.

#gs1 #Geography #mains

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🔆 Indian Biodiversity
✅ Four global biodiversity hotspots are located in India, making it one of the most biodiverse regions in the world.
✅ As of 2020-21, there are 981 protected areas, including 566 wildlife sanctuaries and 104 national parks.

📍Wildlife
✅ There are 3,167 tigers in India.
✅ From 2019 to 2020, environmental crimes increased by 78%. (Source: Environment of India, State of 2022)


📍Forest Conservation
✅ 30% of Indian districts are susceptible to severe forest fires (CEEW).
✅ 11% of global greenhouse gas emissions come from deforestation.


📍Water Resources
✅ 75% of families lack access to clean drinking water on their property. (Source: Aayog NITI)
✅ By 2030, water stress is expected to affect 70% of India’s thermal power plants.

📍 Water Pollution
✅ 8 states comprise the majority of contaminated river segments, including Maharashtra, Assam, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Odisha, West Bengal, and Karnataka.
✅ 70% of surface water in India is unsafe for human consumption. (Source: WEF)

📍Climate Change
✅ 40% of Indian districts are experiencing flooding and droughts interchangeably.
✅ India has committed to achieving net-zero carbon emissions by 2070 at the 26th COP in 2021.

#mains #environment #GS3


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SSC CGL NOTIFICATION 2025

TOTAL VACANCY - 14k+

UKPSC calendar

Aspirant right now

But No info today result

Ras mains as per the schedule.

https://www.tg-me.com/CSE EXAM UPSC prelims mains/com.CSE_EXAM

🔆 India’s Health Indicators

📍 Key Health Statistics
✅ Life Expectancy at Birth ~ 70 years (62 years in 2000, 67 years in 2010)
✅ Infant Mortality Rate = 28/1000
✅ Neonatal Mortality Rate = 20/1000 (SDG target 12)
✅ Under 5 Mortality Rate = 32/1000 (SDG target 25)
✅ Maternal Mortality Rate = 97/1000 (SDG target 70)
✅ Sex Ratio at Birth = 1020/1000 (was 943 in 2011)

📍 Health Expenditure
✅ Health Expenditure = ~ 3.8% of GDP (40% public, 60% private)
✅ Out of Pocket Expenditure (OOP) = 1.5% GDP, 13% monthly per capita
✅ Doctor-Population Ratio = 1:834 (better than WHO’s 1:1000)
✅ Health Workers per 10,000 Population = 49

📍 Health Delivery & Immunization
✅ Institutional Deliveries = 97.18%
✅ Children Aged 9-11 Months Fully Immunised = 93.23%

📍 Health Challenges
✅ Deaths from Non-Communicable Diseases = Over 60% of total deaths in India
✅ TB Burden = Highest in the world (28%) and highest number of Multi-drug resistant TB cases
✅ Tuberculosis Cases Notified = 87.13% against the target

📍 Progress in Tuberculosis (TB) Control
✅ TB Decline = 18% dip in TB cases over the past 10 years, more than double the global rate; 24% reduction in deaths, higher than the global average of 23%

#Data #GS2 #GS1 #Ethics #essay #social_issue #health #mains


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🔆 Changed Nature of Peasant Movements Post 1857

📍 Key Points
✅ Main Streaming: Peasants became the main force in agrarian movements, fighting for their own demands.
✅ Objectives: Focused primarily on economic issues.
✅ Immediate Enemies: Directed against foreign planters, indigenous zamindars, and moneylenders.
✅ Not Against Colonialism: Movements did not target colonialism or subordination.
✅ Limited Territorial Extent: Movements had limited reach and lacked continuity or long-term.